review for cellular respiration

It has been a while for me to write my blog,every time there is something busy for me to do when i was trying to write my blog, anyways, so here it is, i'm gonna breifly talk about the cellular respiration which i leant in my class, also is also an important opportunity for me to review for the coming test.

Cellular respiration is the process by which the chemical energy of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP.

We can divide cellular respiration into three metabolic processes: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Each of these occurs in a specific region of the cell.

1. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.
2. The Krebs cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria.
3. Oxidative phosphorylation and the electon transport chain is carried out on the inner mitochondrial membrane.

In the absence of oxygen, respiration consists of two metabolic pathways: glycolysis and fermentation. Both of these occur in the cytosol.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In glycolysis, the 6-carbon sugar, glucose, is broken down into two molecules of a 3-carbon molecule called pyruvate. This change is accompanied by a net gain of 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules.

 

 

 

 

The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and produce the largest amount of energy among cellular respiration.Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria and loses carbon dioxide to form acetyl-CoA, a 2-carbon molecule. When acetyl-CoA is oxidized to carbon dioxide in the Krebs cycle, chemical energy is released and captured in the form of NADH, FADH₂, and ATP.

 

 

The electron transport chain (ETC) consists of a series of molecules, mostly proteins, embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It allows the release of the large amount of chemical energy stored in reduced NAD⁺ (NADH) and reduced FAD (FADH₂). The energy released is  in the form of ATP.